leetcode/notes/src/bin_search.md

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# 二分查找
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适用于数组有序的情况下查找目标值。
## 写法一
针对左闭右闭区间(即 `[left, right]`
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```cpp
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class Solution {
public:
int search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
int left = 0;
int right = nums.size() - 1; // 定义target在左闭右闭的区间里[left, right]
while (left <=
right) { // 当left==right区间[left, right]依然有效,所以用 <=
int middle =
left + ((right - left) / 2); // 防止溢出 等同于(left + right)/2
if (nums[middle] > target) {
right = middle - 1; // target 在左区间,所以[left, middle - 1]
} else if (nums[middle] < target) {
left = middle + 1; // target 在右区间,所以[middle + 1, right]
} else { // nums[middle] == target
return middle; // 数组中找到目标值,直接返回下标
}
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}
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// 未找到目标值
return -1;
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}
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};
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```
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## 写法二
针对左闭右开(即 `[left, right)`
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```cpp
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class Solution {
public:
int search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
int left = 0;
int right = nums.size(); // 定义target在左闭右开的区间里[left, right)
while (left < right) { // 因为left == right的时候[left,
// right)是无效的空间,所以使用 <
int middle = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
if (nums[middle] > target) {
right = middle; // target 在左区间,在[left, middle)中
} else if (nums[middle] < target) {
left = middle + 1; // target 在右区间,在[middle + 1, right)中
} else { // nums[middle] == target
return middle; // 数组中找到目标值,直接返回下标
}
}
// 未找到目标值
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return -1;
}
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};
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```
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## 相关题目
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- [704. 二分查找](https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-search/)
- [35. 搜索插入位置](https://leetcode.com/problems/search-insert-position/)
- [34. 在排序数组中查找元素的第一个和最后一个位置](https://leetcode.com/problems/find-first-and-last-position-of-element-in-sorted-array/)